Cockroaches are significant nuisances found in homes, restaurants, hospitals, warehouses, offices, and any areas where food is handled. With more than 50 species in the U.S. around 3,500 globally, these pests can carry bacteria linked to foodborne illnesses, including Salmonella and Shigella, as well as viral hepatitis. They are also associated with allergy and asthma issues, such as those caused by Streptococcus and Staphylococcus. Being nocturnal, cockroaches prefer to hide in dark, warm places, particularly in tight and narrow spaces. Adult cockroaches can exceed 2 inches in length and may lay over 380 eggs throughout their lifespan.

Ants are one of the most common household pests, known for contaminating and damaging agricultural products and stored foods. There are over 12,000 species of ants worldwide. In nature, they can be beneficial by preying on certain insect pests and aerating the soil. Common species that invade homes include acrobat, Argentine, odorous house, pharaoh, thief, ghost, and carpenter ants, often in search of food, water, warmth, and shelter. They may suddenly appear in buildings when other food sources become scarce, such as when persistent rainfall washes away honeydew from infested plants, prompting them to seek alternative food.

Spiders are commonly found in, attics, crawl spaces, under eaves, near windows, and outdoors in shrubs. While some spin webs to catch prey, others actively hunt by walking across floors or climbing walls in search of prey. They play a crucial role in controlling pest populations by feeding on insects like flies, mosquitoes, and cockroaches. Although certain species deliver painful venomous bites, such occurrences are rare. Spiders lay eggs in a protective sac within their webs and may guard them or carry them attached to their abdomen. These sacs can hold hundreds of eggs, and a spider may produce multiple sacs throughout its adult life. Spiders also use their fangs as a defense mechanism against threats, and enemies and this is the source of spider bites.

Adult bees and wasps primarily feed on nectar, though some wasps paralyze insects or spiders to provide food for their larvae and may consume small amounts of their prey's blood before storing them in their nests. They can become a nuisance when they build nests in wall cavities, attics, or nearby buildings, and their nests may lead to carpet beetle infestations. These nests can pose a significant threat as they house hundreds of individuals that may react aggressively if disturbed. It's important not to attempt removal on your own, as it can be time consuming and dangerous without proper Personal Protective Equipment. Remnants of beeswax can attract swarming bees back to the area, encouraging them to nest again. The mud dauber wasp is another well-known insect that builds mud cells to store spiders or insects as food for its larvae. These wasps are generally few in number, not aggressive, and play a beneficial role in controlling spider populations, including black widows. Hornets are beneficial insects that contribute to the natural control of many plant pests. They become pests when their foraging brings them too close to people. 

Fleas can carry serious diseases like bubonic plague and murine typhus, which can be transmitted through bites or feces. Some fleas serve as intermediate hosts for tapeworms that affect dogs and rodents, passing to pets and humans through ingestion of infected fleas. Their bites result in intense itching, and multiple bites may lead to a rash. Ticks, which are related to spiders rather than insects, can transmit Lyme disease. Adult ticks have eight legs and feed on the blood of animals, with females capable of laying 1,000 to 3,000 eggs after feeding on a dog's blood. These eggs are commonly found in areas such as baseboards, window and door frames, curtains, furniture, and rug edges. Adult ticks can survive for up to 200 days without a blood meal.

Flies are a common nuisance in both residential and commercial settings. They reproduce rapidly, contaminating food and health risks by spreading diseases. Their presence is not just bothersome; it raises hygiene concerns as well. Implementing effective control measures is crucial to keep pests away and ensure a clean environment, filth flies typically thrive in areas with accumulated garbage, animal waste, or decaying vegetation. 

Mosquitoes (little fly) are small, flying insects commonly found in humid and warm environments. They thrive in areas with standing water, such as ponds, and even puddles, the size of a small bottle cap where they lay their eggs. These pests are most active during dawn and dusk, seeking out hosts to feed on. They can also transmit diseases like West Nile, Zika, Yellow fever, and Dengue.  Understanding their habitat can help in managing their populations and minimizing encounters. 

Bed bugs primarily feed on human blood, but they also consume the blood of other animals. They typically feed at night while people are asleep, injecting salivary secretion into the bite to prevent blood clotting. This can lead to itching and swelling of the skin, and scratching may result in sores that can become infected. During the day, bugs hide in crevices, behind baseboards, or even behind pictures and furniture away from the bed. After feeding, they become swollen and turn a dark red. Bed bugs can be brought into homes by attaching clothing, bedding, furniture, and luggage. Adult bed bugs can survive six to seven months without feeding and have been known to endure in abandoned buildings for up to one and a half years by living off birds or rodents. Female bed bugs lay around 50 eggs at a time, producing a total of 200 to 500 eggs in their adult life. Controlling bed bugs can be challenging, often requiring professional assistance.